a) 1. Cell - the basic unit of all living tissue
2. Nucleus - a structure in most human cells that contains the genome
3. Genome - the complete set of genetic material present in a cell
4. Chromosome - a thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the form of genes
5. DNA - a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for development and function of living organisms
6. Histones - proteins that help organize and compact DNA into chromosomes
7. Enzyme - a substance that helps chemical reactions occur in the body
8. RNA - a molecule involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes
"The Incredible World of Cells"
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📝 Vocabulary
📚 Word Bank
cell, nucleus, genome, chromosome, DNA, histones, enzyme, RNA
Matching exercise:
Match the words with their definitions:
A. The basic unit of all living tissue
B. A structure in most human cells that contains the genome
C. The complete set of genetic material present in a cell
D. A thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the form of genes
E. A molecule that contains the genetic instructions for development and function of living organisms
F. Proteins that help organize and compact DNA into chromosomes
G. A substance that helps chemical reactions occur in the body
H. A molecule involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes
Matching exercise:
Match the words with their definitions:
A. The basic unit of all living tissue
B. A structure in most human cells that contains the genome
C. The complete set of genetic material present in a cell
D. A thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the form of genes
E. A molecule that contains the genetic instructions for development and function of living organisms
F. Proteins that help organize and compact DNA into chromosomes
G. A substance that helps chemical reactions occur in the body
H. A molecule involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes
🔤 Fill-in-the-gap Exercise
c) Fill-in-gap exercise:
Fill in the blanks with words from the word bank:
1. The ______ is the basic unit of all living tissue.
2. The ______ contains the complete set of genetic material in a cell.
3. Each ______ in a human cell contains a long strand of DNA.
4. Proteins called ______ help compact DNA into chromosomes.
5. An ______ called RNA polymerase attaches to the start of a gene.
6. The ______ code determines the order of free bases in messenger RNA.
7. The process of using messenger RNA to produce proteins is called ______.
8. Transfer RNA molecules carry ______ to the ribosome.
Fill in the blanks with words from the word bank:
1. The ______ is the basic unit of all living tissue.
2. The ______ contains the complete set of genetic material in a cell.
3. Each ______ in a human cell contains a long strand of DNA.
4. Proteins called ______ help compact DNA into chromosomes.
5. An ______ called RNA polymerase attaches to the start of a gene.
6. The ______ code determines the order of free bases in messenger RNA.
7. The process of using messenger RNA to produce proteins is called ______.
8. Transfer RNA molecules carry ______ to the ribosome.
🔤 Grammar
1. The use of "is" and "are" to describe singular and plural nouns.
Example: The cell is the basic unit of all living tissue.
The chromosomes are made up of DNA.
2. The use of "contains" and "contains" to show possession.
Example: The nucleus contains the genome.
Each chromosome contains a long strand of DNA.
3. The use of "when" and "while" to indicate time in relation to an action.
Example: When a gene is switched on, an enzyme attaches to the start of the gene.
While the messenger RNA is being read, transfer RNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome.
4. The use of "before" and "after" to show the order of events.
Example: The messenger RNA is processed before it can be used as a template for protein production.
The chain of amino acids falls into a complex 3D shape after the last amino acid is added.
5. The use of "once" and "once...has been" to indicate a condition or event that must happen before another action can occur.
Example: Once the messenger RNA is processed, it can be used as a template for protein production.
The chain of amino acids is complete once the last amino acid has been added.
Example: The cell is the basic unit of all living tissue.
The chromosomes are made up of DNA.
2. The use of "contains" and "contains" to show possession.
Example: The nucleus contains the genome.
Each chromosome contains a long strand of DNA.
3. The use of "when" and "while" to indicate time in relation to an action.
Example: When a gene is switched on, an enzyme attaches to the start of the gene.
While the messenger RNA is being read, transfer RNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome.
4. The use of "before" and "after" to show the order of events.
Example: The messenger RNA is processed before it can be used as a template for protein production.
The chain of amino acids falls into a complex 3D shape after the last amino acid is added.
5. The use of "once" and "once...has been" to indicate a condition or event that must happen before another action can occur.
Example: Once the messenger RNA is processed, it can be used as a template for protein production.
The chain of amino acids is complete once the last amino acid has been added.
👂 Listening
1. What is the basic unit of all living tissue?
2. What structure in most human cells contains the genome?
3. How many pairs of chromosomes are there in the human genome?
4. What is the process called when a gene is switched on?
5. Where does the messenger RNA go after it is processed?
2. What structure in most human cells contains the genome?
3. How many pairs of chromosomes are there in the human genome?
4. What is the process called when a gene is switched on?
5. Where does the messenger RNA go after it is processed?
🎯 Activity
Model Making
Materials needed: Play-Doh or clay, toothpicks, and paper with labeled diagrams of a cell and its components.
Instructions:
1. Divide the class into small groups.
2. Provide each group with the materials.
3. Ask the groups to use the Play-Doh or clay to create a 3D model of a cell.
4. Encourage the groups to label the different components and explain their functions.
5. Allow time for the groups to present their models to the class and discuss their understanding of cells.
Possible questions for discussion:
1. What did you learn about the structure of a cell from this activity?
2. How are the different components of a cell related to each other?
3. Why is it important for cells to have a specific structure and organization?
4. How does the information in DNA determine the production of proteins?
5. How do cells work together to maintain the function of the human body?
Materials needed: Play-Doh or clay, toothpicks, and paper with labeled diagrams of a cell and its components.
Instructions:
1. Divide the class into small groups.
2. Provide each group with the materials.
3. Ask the groups to use the Play-Doh or clay to create a 3D model of a cell.
4. Encourage the groups to label the different components and explain their functions.
5. Allow time for the groups to present their models to the class and discuss their understanding of cells.
Possible questions for discussion:
1. What did you learn about the structure of a cell from this activity?
2. How are the different components of a cell related to each other?
3. Why is it important for cells to have a specific structure and organization?
4. How does the information in DNA determine the production of proteins?
5. How do cells work together to maintain the function of the human body?
📚 Homework
Writing Assignment
Ask students to write a short paragraph summarizing the process of protein production in a cell. They should include the roles of DNA, RNA, and the ribosome, as well as the steps of transcription, processing, and translation. Encourage students to use the vocabulary and grammar points learned in class.
Ask students to write a short paragraph summarizing the process of protein production in a cell. They should include the roles of DNA, RNA, and the ribosome, as well as the steps of transcription, processing, and translation. Encourage students to use the vocabulary and grammar points learned in class.
✅ Assessment
🔚 Closing
📄 Complete Lesson Content
1. TITLE: "The Incredible World of Cells"
2. LEVEL: B1
3. VOCABULARY:
a) 1. Cell - the basic unit of all living tissue
2. Nucleus - a structure in most human cells that contains the genome
3. Genome - the complete set of genetic material present in a cell
4. Chromosome - a thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the form of genes
5. DNA - a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for development and function of living organisms
6. Histones - proteins that help organize and compact DNA into chromosomes
7. Enzyme - a substance that helps chemical reactions occur in the body
8. RNA - a molecule involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes
b) WORD BANK: cell, nucleus, genome, chromosome, DNA, histones, enzyme, RNA
Matching exercise:
Match the words with their definitions:
A. The basic unit of all living tissue
B. A structure in most human cells that contains the genome
C. The complete set of genetic material present in a cell
D. A thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the form of genes
E. A molecule that contains the genetic instructions for development and function of living organisms
F. Proteins that help organize and compact DNA into chromosomes
G. A substance that helps chemical reactions occur in the body
H. A molecule involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes
c) Fill-in-gap exercise:
Fill in the blanks with words from the word bank:
1. The ______ is the basic unit of all living tissue.
2. The ______ contains the complete set of genetic material in a cell.
3. Each ______ in a human cell contains a long strand of DNA.
4. Proteins called ______ help compact DNA into chromosomes.
5. An ______ called RNA polymerase attaches to the start of a gene.
6. The ______ code determines the order of free bases in messenger RNA.
7. The process of using messenger RNA to produce proteins is called ______.
8. Transfer RNA molecules carry ______ to the ribosome.
4. LISTENING:
1. What is the basic unit of all living tissue?
2. What structure in most human cells contains the genome?
3. How many pairs of chromosomes are there in the human genome?
4. What is the process called when a gene is switched on?
5. Where does the messenger RNA go after it is processed?
5. GRAMMAR:
1. The use of "is" and "are" to describe singular and plural nouns.
Example: The cell is the basic unit of all living tissue.
The chromosomes are made up of DNA.
2. The use of "contains" and "contains" to show possession.
Example: The nucleus contains the genome.
Each chromosome contains a long strand of DNA.
3. The use of "when" and "while" to indicate time in relation to an action.
Example: When a gene is switched on, an enzyme attaches to the start of the gene.
While the messenger RNA is being read, transfer RNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome.
4. The use of "before" and "after" to show the order of events.
Example: The messenger RNA is processed before it can be used as a template for protein production.
The chain of amino acids falls into a complex 3D shape after the last amino acid is added.
5. The use of "once" and "once...has been" to indicate a condition or event that must happen before another action can occur.
Example: Once the messenger RNA is processed, it can be used as a template for protein production.
The chain of amino acids is complete once the last amino acid has been added.
6. ACTIVITY: Model Making
Materials needed: Play-Doh or clay, toothpicks, and paper with labeled diagrams of a cell and its components.
Instructions:
1. Divide the class into small groups.
2. Provide each group with the materials.
3. Ask the groups to use the Play-Doh or clay to create a 3D model of a cell.
4. Encourage the groups to label the different components and explain their functions.
5. Allow time for the groups to present their models to the class and discuss their understanding of cells.
Possible questions for discussion:
1. What did you learn about the structure of a cell from this activity?
2. How are the different components of a cell related to each other?
3. Why is it important for cells to have a specific structure and organization?
4. How does the information in DNA determine the production of proteins?
5. How do cells work together to maintain the function of the human body?
7. HOMEWORK: Writing Assignment
Ask students to write a short paragraph summarizing the process of protein production in a cell. They should include the roles of DNA, RNA, and the ribosome, as well as the steps of transcription, processing, and translation. Encourage students to use the vocabulary and grammar points learned in class.
8. ASSESSMENT: Answer key
1. A
2. B
3. 23 pairs
4. Transcription
5. Cytoplasm
2. LEVEL: B1
3. VOCABULARY:
a) 1. Cell - the basic unit of all living tissue
2. Nucleus - a structure in most human cells that contains the genome
3. Genome - the complete set of genetic material present in a cell
4. Chromosome - a thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the form of genes
5. DNA - a molecule that contains the genetic instructions for development and function of living organisms
6. Histones - proteins that help organize and compact DNA into chromosomes
7. Enzyme - a substance that helps chemical reactions occur in the body
8. RNA - a molecule involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes
b) WORD BANK: cell, nucleus, genome, chromosome, DNA, histones, enzyme, RNA
Matching exercise:
Match the words with their definitions:
A. The basic unit of all living tissue
B. A structure in most human cells that contains the genome
C. The complete set of genetic material present in a cell
D. A thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the form of genes
E. A molecule that contains the genetic instructions for development and function of living organisms
F. Proteins that help organize and compact DNA into chromosomes
G. A substance that helps chemical reactions occur in the body
H. A molecule involved in protein synthesis and other cellular processes
c) Fill-in-gap exercise:
Fill in the blanks with words from the word bank:
1. The ______ is the basic unit of all living tissue.
2. The ______ contains the complete set of genetic material in a cell.
3. Each ______ in a human cell contains a long strand of DNA.
4. Proteins called ______ help compact DNA into chromosomes.
5. An ______ called RNA polymerase attaches to the start of a gene.
6. The ______ code determines the order of free bases in messenger RNA.
7. The process of using messenger RNA to produce proteins is called ______.
8. Transfer RNA molecules carry ______ to the ribosome.
4. LISTENING:
1. What is the basic unit of all living tissue?
2. What structure in most human cells contains the genome?
3. How many pairs of chromosomes are there in the human genome?
4. What is the process called when a gene is switched on?
5. Where does the messenger RNA go after it is processed?
5. GRAMMAR:
1. The use of "is" and "are" to describe singular and plural nouns.
Example: The cell is the basic unit of all living tissue.
The chromosomes are made up of DNA.
2. The use of "contains" and "contains" to show possession.
Example: The nucleus contains the genome.
Each chromosome contains a long strand of DNA.
3. The use of "when" and "while" to indicate time in relation to an action.
Example: When a gene is switched on, an enzyme attaches to the start of the gene.
While the messenger RNA is being read, transfer RNA molecules carry amino acids to the ribosome.
4. The use of "before" and "after" to show the order of events.
Example: The messenger RNA is processed before it can be used as a template for protein production.
The chain of amino acids falls into a complex 3D shape after the last amino acid is added.
5. The use of "once" and "once...has been" to indicate a condition or event that must happen before another action can occur.
Example: Once the messenger RNA is processed, it can be used as a template for protein production.
The chain of amino acids is complete once the last amino acid has been added.
6. ACTIVITY: Model Making
Materials needed: Play-Doh or clay, toothpicks, and paper with labeled diagrams of a cell and its components.
Instructions:
1. Divide the class into small groups.
2. Provide each group with the materials.
3. Ask the groups to use the Play-Doh or clay to create a 3D model of a cell.
4. Encourage the groups to label the different components and explain their functions.
5. Allow time for the groups to present their models to the class and discuss their understanding of cells.
Possible questions for discussion:
1. What did you learn about the structure of a cell from this activity?
2. How are the different components of a cell related to each other?
3. Why is it important for cells to have a specific structure and organization?
4. How does the information in DNA determine the production of proteins?
5. How do cells work together to maintain the function of the human body?
7. HOMEWORK: Writing Assignment
Ask students to write a short paragraph summarizing the process of protein production in a cell. They should include the roles of DNA, RNA, and the ribosome, as well as the steps of transcription, processing, and translation. Encourage students to use the vocabulary and grammar points learned in class.
8. ASSESSMENT: Answer key
1. A
2. B
3. 23 pairs
4. Transcription
5. Cytoplasm